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Summary: Historical sociology is an interdisciplinary field of research in which the mechanisms and patterns of large and long-term historical processes are studied through the combination of methods from social sciences. The most characteristic problems for the historical sociology's research field were the genesis, dynamics, transformation of states or societies, principles of capital functioning, changes in the types of social relations and the appearance of specific features of mentality and different everyday practices. As in the case with any major field of knowledge, historical sociology has been characterized by permanent conceptual renewal and periodic changes of a discourse.
This article examines attempts, that have been made by first of all Western sociologists, to explain theoretically the problem of the emergency of economic and political backwardness (or "belated development") of Eastern Europe from Western Europe in a historical perspective. Among the most important concepts that were mentioned in the article was the Immanuel Wallerstein's paradigm of World-System Analysis, the concept of Political Marxism by Robert Brenner, the Charles Tilly's idea of the influence of violence on the formation of national states, numerous theories of revolution and state disintegration etc.
A thorough analysis of the opinions of Western scientists can enrich the discussions of traditional historians by fresh perspectives and become another key to a theoretical understanding of the content of global processes that might be able not only to connect the macroregions of the European continent but also cause noticeable differences between them.
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Language note
Streszczenie w języku angielskim.
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